Governance of the New Brunswick SPCA is in the hands of a Board of Directors, individuals elected by the general membership at its Annual General Meeting, and appointees of the New Brunswick Provincial Government. The Society maintains a staff of Animal Protection Officers and Inspectors across the Province (all part-time officials), who investigate allegations of cruelty or abuse, cooperate with local law enforcement agencies in animal-related matters, and assist in the enforcement of animal-protection legislation.

The Society also employs an Executive Director (part-time), who supervises day-to-day operations, and a Chief Inspector, who is responsible for the Society's animal protection work and for supervision and training of Inspectors and Animal Protection Officers. The Society maintains an office in Fredericton.